{"id":4,"date":"2014-12-15T19:28:06","date_gmt":"2014-12-15T19:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/avada.theme-fusion.com_demos\/app\/?page_id=4"},"modified":"2017-03-21T11:50:41","modified_gmt":"2017-03-21T10:50:41","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #f1574d;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-menu-anchor\" id=\"definition\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"intro\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #f1574d;background-position: left top;background-repeat: repeat;padding-top:35px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Lexical Diachronic Semantic Maps:<\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Representing and explaining meaning extension<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:80px;width:100%;max-width:150px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-1 content-boxes-timeline-vertical content-left content-boxes-timeline-layout content-boxes-icon-with-title fusion-delayed-animation\" data-animation-delay=\"350\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:25px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-1 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #1e73be;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #1e73be !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #f37870;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #1e73be !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #1e73be !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon icon-hover-animation-fade fusion-animated\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Situated within the tradition of the semantic map methodology, the research project \u201cLe Diasema\u201d addresses the question of how semantic maps make significant predictions about language change at the lexical level. More specifically, this project has the following three main objectives:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom:20px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><ul class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-1\" style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:25.5px;\">\n<li style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" class=\"fusion-li-item\"><span style=\"background-color:#d84e45;font-size:13.2px;height:25.5px;width:25.5px;margin-right:10.5px;\" class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa fa-check\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\" style=\"margin-left:36px;color:#333333;\">To incorporate the diachronic dimension into semantic maps of content words;<\/div><\/li>\n<li style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" class=\"fusion-li-item\"><span style=\"background-color:#d84e45;font-size:13.2px;height:25.5px;width:25.5px;margin-right:10.5px;\" class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa fa-check\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\" style=\"margin-left:36px;color:#333333;\">To extend the method so as to also include information about the cognitive and cultural factors behind the development of the various meanings;<\/div><\/li>\n<li style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" class=\"fusion-li-item\"><span style=\"background-color:#d84e45;font-size:13.2px;height:25.5px;width:25.5px;margin-right:10.5px;\" class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa fa-check\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\" style=\"margin-left:36px;color:#333333;\">To create a web service that will allow researchers to generate diachronic maps themselves.<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:25px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The empirical basis of \u201cLe Diasema\u201d consists of Ancient Greek (8th \u2013 1st c. BC) and Ancient Egyptian (26th c.\u00a0BC \u2013 10th c.\u00a0AD), two languages with significant diachronic material based on which we are able to describe the semantic extensions of lexemes belonging to different semantic fields. Using dynamic semantic maps, we then compare the observed meaning extensions in the two languages in order to identify shared cognitive motivations and to assess the potential impact of cultural factors on the evolution of the various lexical fields in both languages.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-1 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #1e73be !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #1e73be !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #646488;background-position: left top;background-repeat: no-repeat;padding-top:75px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">What are semantic maps?<\/span><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">A very short introduction<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:80px;width:100%;max-width:150px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-content-boxes content-boxes columns row fusion-columns-1 fusion-columns-total-1 fusion-content-boxes-2 content-boxes-timeline-vertical content-left content-boxes-timeline-layout content-boxes-icon-with-title fusion-delayed-animation\" data-animation-delay=\"350\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:25px;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-content-boxes-2 .heading .content-box-heading {color:#ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .heading-link .content-box-heading,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover:before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .fusion-read-more:hover,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::after,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover.link-area-box .fusion-read-more::before,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .icon .circle-no,\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .heading .heading-link:hover .content-box-heading {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .icon .circle-no {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button {background: #f37870;color: #ffffff;}.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box.link-area-box-hover .fusion-content-box-button .fusion-button-text {color: #ffffff;}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon > span {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-column content-box-column content-box-column content-box-column-1 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 fusion-content-box-hover content-box-column-last content-box-column-last-in-row\"><div class=\"col content-box-wrapper content-wrapper link-area-link-icon icon-hover-animation-fade fusion-animated\" style=\"background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\" data-animationType=\"fadeIn\" data-animationDuration=\"0.25\" data-animationOffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"content-container\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-12452\" src=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-300x243.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-177x142.png 177w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-200x162.png 200w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-300x243.png 300w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-400x324.png 400w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-600x486.png 600w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-768x623.png 768w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-800x648.png 800w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-1024x830.png 1024w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1-1200x973.png 1200w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_1.png 1362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>A semantic map is a common method in semantic typology to detect cross-linguistic regularities and recurrent patterns in semantic structure. Additionally, it is used as a heuristic technique to analyze the multiple senses of linguistic units in the languages of the world, as well as their possible meaning extensions (see, e.g., Haspelmath 2003; Cysouw et al. 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Based on cross-linguistic polysemy data, one can infer a graph of connected senses (the nodes of the graph). There is a single constraint for plotting semantic maps: all the linguistic items, when mapped onto the graph, must cover a connected region (this is known as the connectivity hypothesis; see Croft 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The figure on the right is an illustration of lexical semantic map with weighted edges. In order to plot this map, we processed data from <a href=\"http:\/\/clics.lingpy.org\/main.php\" target=\"_blank\">CLICS<\/a> for 13 meanings connected to the senses \u2018tree\u2019 and \u2018wood\u2019. We ended up with 245 \u2018words\u2019 in 168 languages expressing more than one of these 13 meanings. It is then possible to plot a map for the 13 meanings that respects the <em>connectivity hypothesis<\/em>. This means that each word of the data sample will cover a connected region of the graph.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Furthermore, this map is weighted: the thickness of the edges between the nodes depends directly on the frequency of a polysemy pattern. For instance, it shows that words expressing at the same time the meanings \u2018tree\u2019 and \u2018wood\u2019 (thick line) are much more frequent than the ones expressing simultaneously \u2018tree\u2019 and \u2018woods, forest\u2019 (thin line).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .heading-link:hover .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box:hover .heading-link .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-link-icon-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.fusion-content-boxes-2 .fusion-content-box-hover .link-area-box-hover .heading .icon i.circle-yes {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-color: #ffffff !important;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"features\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: #3d4c69;background-position: left top;background-repeat: repeat;padding-top:75px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:80px;padding-left:0px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.05);border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Some examples<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:80px;width:100%;max-width:150px;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-single sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);border-top-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Three common types of semantic maps<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;width:100%;max-width:100px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-flip-boxes flip-boxes row fusion-columns-3 flip-effect-classic\"><div class=\"fusion-flip-box-wrapper fusion-column col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flip-box flip-right\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"flip-box-inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"flip-box-front\" style=\"background-color:#13c7af;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;color:#ffffff;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-front-inner\"><div class=\"flip-box-grafix flip-box-circle\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" fa fa-share-alt\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"flip-box-heading\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\">Classic semantic maps<\/h2>Classic semantic maps are two-dimensional graphs with meanings connected by lines. The length of the edge is generally irrelevant, only the graph structure matters.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"flip-box-back\" style=\"background-color:#0ea591;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;color:#ededed;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-back-inner\"><h3 class=\"flip-box-heading-back\" style=\"color:#eeeded;\">A semantic map of dative function<\/h3>\n(Haspelmath 2003: 213)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:85px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12353\" src=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2-300x109.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"109\" srcset=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2-200x73.png 200w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2-300x109.png 300w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2-400x146.png 400w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2-600x219.png 600w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_2.png 691w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-flip-box-wrapper fusion-column col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flip-box flip-right\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"flip-box-inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"flip-box-front\" style=\"background-color:#f57a62;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;color:#ffffff;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-front-inner\"><div class=\"flip-box-grafix flip-box-circle\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" fa fa-arrows-alt\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"flip-box-heading\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\">Dynamic semantic maps<\/h2>Dynamic semantic maps are semantic maps with arrows replacing the lines between the meanings. The oriented graph shows the possible pathways of meaning extension for any linguistic item.<\/div><\/div><div class=\"flip-box-back\" style=\"background-color:#d8604e;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;color:#ededed;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-back-inner\"><h3 class=\"flip-box-heading-back\" style=\"color:#eeeded;\">A dynamic map of modal necessity<\/h3>\n(van der Auwera &amp; Plungian 1998: 95)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:85px;width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12355\" src=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3-300x118.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3-200x79.png 200w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3-300x118.png 300w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3-400x158.png 400w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3-600x236.png 600w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_3.png 647w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-flip-box-wrapper fusion-column col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4\"><div class=\"fusion-flip-box flip-right\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"flip-box-inner-wrapper\"><div class=\"flip-box-front\" style=\"background-color:#3b9ac6;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;color:#ffffff;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-front-inner\"><div class=\"flip-box-grafix flip-box-circle\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\" fa fa-bar-chart\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\"><\/i><\/div><h2 class=\"flip-box-heading\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\">Weighted semantic maps<\/h2>Semantic maps can have weighted-edges; the weight represents the frequency of co-occurrence of meaning pairs in linguistic items. It is usually captured graphically by thicker vs. thinner lines or by different types of lines (solid vs. dotted vs. dashed lines).<\/div><\/div><div class=\"flip-box-back\" style=\"background-color:#2b80a8;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-radius:4px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;color:#ededed;transition-duration:0.8s;\"><div class=\"flip-box-back-inner\"><h3 class=\"flip-box-heading-back\" style=\"color:#eeeded;\">A semantic map of person-marking<\/h3>\n(Cysouw 2007: 233)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12366\" src=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4-244x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4-200x246.png 200w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4-244x300.png 244w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4-400x493.png 400w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4-600x739.png 600w, http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/43\/2014\/12\/Fig_4.png 614w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:-5px;margin-bottom:-5px;width:100%;max-width:100px;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12533,"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions\/12533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/web.philo.ulg.ac.be\/lediasema\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}